Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Abstract: This randomized, controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of opioid-sparing analgesic protocols in postoperative pain management for major trauma surgeries. A total of 120 patients were randomly assigned to either an opioid-sparing group or a conventional opioid-based group (n = 60 per group). Primary outcomes included pain severity, opioid use, and postoperative mobilization. The opioid-sparing group reported significantly lower pain scores at all time points (p < 0.0001) and lower sedation levels (p < 0.0001). Total opioid consumption was significantly reduced (p < 0.0001): and fewer rescue medications were required (p < 0.0001). Functional recovery was faster (p < 0.0001): patient satisfaction was higher (p < 0.0001), and length of hospital stay was shorter (p < 0.0001). At 6-month follow-up, the incidence of chronic pain was lower in the opioid-sparing group (2% vs 8%): and quality of life scores were higher (p < 0.0001). Additional multiple regression analysis determined the various predictors affecting long-term recovery results. These findings support the effectiveness of multimodal opioid-sparing strategies in enhancing recovery and reducing opioid-related complications after major trauma surgeries.